The History of Phokaia

169 pp, color figures, hb, in Turkish-English bilingual.

The elderly king of Tartessos regarded the Phokaians with so much favour as, to beg them to quit Ionia and settle in whatever part of his country they liked. Herodotos

The Phokaians escaping the Persian invasion laid the heaviest curses on the man who should draw back and forsake the armament; and having dropped a heavy mass of iron into the sea, swore never to return to Phokaia till that mass reappeared upon the surface. Nevertheless, as they were preparing to depart for Cyrnus, more than half of their number were seized with such sadness and so great a longing to see once more their city and their ancient homes, that they broke the oath by which they had bound themselves and sailed back to Phokaia. Herodotos

It was possible to find any kind of job, there was bread there (...) Nobody knew what poverty meant. A Greek citizen of Foça

Phokaia, having really fascinating natural formations, was no doubt, the most alluring and beautiful city of antiquity. Ord. Prof. Dr. Ekrem Akurgal

Foça for them was the blissful country of happy times in the past. Dr. Herkül Millas

Foça is a passion.  Ahmet Vasfi Pekin

PREFACE

FOREWORD

 1. INTRODUCTION

 2. THE AEGEAN REGION IN PREHISTORY

   a. Crete

   b. Western Anatolia

   c. Hellas

 3. AEGEAN MIGRATIONS

 4. CAN THE AEGEAN MIGRATIONS BE REFERRED AS COLONIZATION?

 5. THE FOUNDING OF THE CITY

 6. IS PHOKAIA AN AEOLIAN OR AN IONIAN CITY?

 7. THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME PHOKAIA

 8. SEA TRADE AND COLONIES OF PHOKAIA

9. REASONS FOR THE LONG-DISTANCE VOYAGES

10. THE STORY OF MASSALIA

11. THE STORY OF LAMPSAKOS AND LAMPSAKE

12. LIFE IN THE IONIAN CITIES

13. PERSIANS TAKE OVER PHOKAIA

14. THE IONIAN REVOLT

15. THE DELIAN LEAGUE

16. THE HELLENISTIC AGE

17. ARISTONICUS

18. UNDER ROMAN RULE

19. UNDER BYZANTINE RULE

20. THE GENOESE LORDS OF PHOKAIA

21. THE INTERIM PERIOD BETWEEN THE GENOESE LORDS AND OTTOMAN CONQUEST

22. THE VENETIAN ATTACK

23. ECONOMIC LIFE IN PHOKAIA

   a. Byzantine Times

   b. Genoese Times

   c. Ottoman Times

24. FOÇA IN THE XX. CENTURY

   a. Administrative Structure

   b. Population

   c. The Phokaian Identity

   d. The Economy

     Saltpans

     Quarries

     Water Springs

   e. Tarihi Olaylar / Political Events

25. PHOKAİA KAZILARI / EXCAVATING PHOKAIA

   a. First Phase excavations

   b. Second Phase excavations

   c. Third Phase excavations

      i. First and Second Settlements

     ii. Bronze Age Temples

     iii. The Archaic Settlement

     iv. Archaic Age Southern Necropolis and the Altars

     v. The Tumulus of Maltepe

     vi. Ceramic Workshops and Dumping Grounds

    vii. Mosaics

    viii. Underwater Investigations

26. FAMOUS PHOKAIANS IN HISTORY

   a. Spokesman Pythermus

   b. Architect Theodoros

   c. Sculptor Telephanes

   d. Admiral Dionysius

   e. Aspasia of Phokaia

    f. Phokaian Philosophers

27. PHOKAIAN COINS

28. PHOKAIAN INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ART, SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY

29. TRACES OF THE CULT OF DIONYSUS IN PHOKAIA

30. IMPORTANT HISTORICAL REMAINS IN PHOKAIA

   a. Sacred Places of Kybele

      i. The Kybele Cult in Phokaia

      ii. Sacred Place of the Harbor

     iii. Sacred Place of the Theater Hill

     iv. Sacred Place of Fig Island (Bacheion-St. Georgios Island)

      v. Sacred Place of Sickle Island

     vi. Other Sacred Places of Kybele

   b. Athena Temple

      i. Was Athena an Anatolian Goddess?

      ii. About the Athena Temple

     iii. Was the Peninsula with the Athena Temple an Island in the Past?

   c. The Megaron

   d. The Wall of Herodotus

   e. The Persian Monumental Grave

   f. The Antique Theater

   g. Hammam of the Devil

   h. Aqueducts

   i. The Castle of Five Doors

   j. Mosque of Mehmed the Conqueror

   k. Kayalar Mosque

   l. The Masjid of Hafız Suleiman

  m. Ottoman Graveyard

   n. The Outer Castle

   o. Windmills

   p. Ottoman Hammams

   q. Churches

   r. The Siren Rocks

31. PHOKAIAN PIECES IN MUSEUMS

   a. British Museum

   b. Izmir Museum of History and Art

   c. Izmir Archaeological Museum

32. SYMBOLS OF PHOKAIA

   a. Monk Seal

   b. Griffon and Horse

LAST WORD

AUXILIARY TABLES

BIBLIOGRAPHY